Registered Cardiovascular Invasive Specialist (RCIS) Practice Test

What are common signs and symptoms of a retroperitoneal bleed?

1. Chest pain and sweating

2. Back or flank pain, drop in blood pressure, tachycardia, drop in Hgb and Hct

3. Nausea and dizziness

4. Headache and visual disturbances

The correct answer is: Back or flank pain, drop in blood pressure, tachycardia, drop in Hgb and Hct

The signs and symptoms of a retroperitoneal bleed are closely associated with the anatomical and physiological changes that occur when blood escapes into the retroperitoneal space. The correct answer points to back or flank pain, a drop in blood pressure, tachycardia, and a decrease in hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels. Back or flank pain is a direct result of the accumulation of blood in the retroperitoneal space, which can irritate nerves and surrounding tissues. This type of pain is often described as a deep or dull ache and can be significant enough for the patient to seek medical attention. A drop in blood pressure signifies potential hypovolemia due to significant blood loss, which is critical in diagnosing a bleeding event. Tachycardia occurs in an attempt to compensate for decreased blood volume, aiming to maintain adequate organ perfusion. Additionally, a decrease in Hgb and Hct levels is a laboratory reflection of anemia resulting from the blood loss, helping to confirm the diagnosis of a retroperitoneal bleed. The combination of these signs and symptoms indicates a serious situation that requires prompt medical evaluation and intervention, reaffirming their significance in emergency settings.